Injuries to Trees Caused By Climactic Factors
There are many different reasons why a tree can be injured. This is especially so when actually is young not only in Irish forestry, but in forestry in general and even more so when the tree has been planted in an isolated position. In this article I want to go through just to be different climactic factors that can damage trees in the environment, are sometimes this damage can be permanent and often fatal.
In Ireland and Britain one of the biggest factors that can cause the most damage in trees, especially when the tree is a young, is caused by frosts. In some cases, if the tree experiences and extremely cold winter, this can adversely affect the growth of the tree, although this is very uncommon in this part of the world. The damage tends to happen on South or South East facing sites. And the damage to the trees is not the frost as such but the quick thaw 
afterwards. The tree experiences what is known as Frost crack which is the result of the repeated freezing and thawing cycle over the years where a crack opens into the cambium. The trees in southern Ireland forestry that suffer the worst are those with thin bark. And, although these trees will heal over time, the timber will be permanently scarred.
A second factor which greatly affects trees in Ireland and the UK is wind. If the winds are enough, the trees can actually be blown over altogether or the crown of the tree could be severely damaged leading to the tree cracking halfway down the stem. Yet another form of damage which is seen a lot in forestry that grows along the coastal areas in the west of Ireland is where the crown is severely distorted by the constant pressure of the wind. Also, in young trees, excessive wind can actually stunt the growth of the tree.
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